Amartey had collected Boyd high late in the fourth quarter of Sydney's 11.12 (78) to 9.8 (62) win over the Blues at the SCG on Friday.
The key forward was playing in his first game since round five after recovering from a hamstring injury.
Carlton coach Michael Voss confirmed Boyd suffered a concussion, meaning the defender will miss at least their clash against top-eight team GWS.
"I'm sure they'll get looked at and get looked at very closely and should be treated accordingly," Voss said of the incident.
"'Boydie', he's obviously got concussion protocols now from that hit, so he's not doing so well in there at the moment."
Sydney are already without Lewis Melican, who is serving a three-match ban for striking.
"I've had a brief look at it, but that will be in the AFL's hands now," Sydney coach Dean Cox said.
"We want to make sure that we play within the rules and this was no different."
Praising Amartey, he added: "It was good to have him back. He provided a really strong focal point for our playing group.
"That's what he does for our footy club and we'll see what action takes from here."
Justin McInerney could also come under scrutiny for his bump on Carlton defender Jack Silvagni in the second term.
Silvagni did not suffer a concussion, but was later substituted out at half-time with groin soreness.
McInerney has already served a three-match ban for a high bump earlier in the season.
"I haven't seen the Justin one as well as I saw the Joel one," Cox said.
"But our message to the players is get to that line, not over it.
"One thing you want the players to be certainly aware of is there's a line that you need to go to and you can't cross it.
"If you do cross it, there is consequence for that."
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