The names include US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, President Donald Trump's special envoy Steve Witkoff, former British prime minister Tony Blair and Trump's son-in-law, Jared Kushner.
Trump is the chair of the board, according to a plan his White House unveiled in October.
Israel and Palestinian militant group Hamas approved Trump's plan, which says a Palestinian technocratic body will be overseen by the international board, which will supervise Gaza's governance for a transitional period.
Many rights experts and advocates have said Trump overseeing a board to supervise a foreign territory's governance resembled a colonial structure, while Blair's involvement was criticised in 2025 due to his role in the Iraq war and the history of British imperialism in the Middle East.
The White House on Friday did not detail the responsibilities of each member of the "founding executive board".
The names do not include any Palestinians.
The White House said more members would be announced in the coming weeks.
The board will also include private equity executive and billionaire Marc Rowan, World Bank President Ajay Banga and Robert Gabriel, a Trump adviser, the White House said, adding that Nickolay Mladenov, a former UN Middle East envoy, will be the high representative for Gaza.
Army Major General Jasper Jeffers, a US special operations commander, was appointed commander of the International Stabilisation Force, the White House said.
A UN Security Council resolution, adopted in mid-November, authorised the board and countries working with it to establish that force in Gaza.
The White House also named an 11-member "Gaza Executive Board" that will include Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan, the UN special co-ordinator for the Middle East peace process, Sigrid Kaag, the United Arab Emirates minister for international co-operation, Reem Al-Hashimy, and Israeli-Cypriot billionaire Yakir Gabay, along with some members of the executive board.
This additional board will support Mladenov's office and the Palestinian technocratic body, whose details were announced this week, the White House said.
Israel and Hamas have accused each other of ceasefire violations in Gaza, where more than 450 Palestinians, including more than 100 children, and three Israeli soldiers have been reported killed during the truce.
Israel's assault on Gaza since October 2023 has killed tens of thousands, caused a hunger crisis and internally displaced Gaza's entire population.
Multiple rights experts, scholars and a UN inquiry say this amounts to genocide.
Israel has said it took action in self-defence after Hamas-led militants killed 1200 people and took over 250 hostages in a late 2023 attack.
