The death toll likely to keep rising, authorities say.
The US Geological Survey (USGC) said the quake hit early on Monday at a depth of 28km  near Mazar-e Sharif, which has a population of about 523,000.
"A total of 150 people injured and seven martyred have been reported and transferred to health centres as of this morning," said Samim Joyanda, the spokesperson for the health department in Samangan, a mountainous northern province near Mazar-e Sharif told Reuters.
The toll was based on hospital reports collected on Monday morning, he said.
The Afghan Taliban defence ministry said parts of Balkh and Samangan provinces were the most affected, resulting in the fatalities.
Military Rescue and emergency assistance teams reached the area immediately and began operations to rescue people, transport the injured and help affected families, it said in a statement.
Health ministry spokesperson Sharfat Zaman said rescue teams were active and the numbers of dead and injured might rise.
"Health teams have arrived in the area, and all nearby hospitals have been put on standby," Zaman said in a statement.
The USGS issued an orange alert in its PAGER system, which is an automated system that produces information on the impact of earthquakes, and indicated that "significant casualties are likely and the disaster is potentially widespread".
Afghanistan is particularly vulnerable to quakes as it lies on two active faults that have the potential to rupture and cause extensive damage.
The earthquake destroyed part of the holy shrine of Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh province spokesperson Haji Zaid said, referring to the Blue Mosque.
More than 2200 people were killed and thousands more injured after a quake and strong aftershocks in the southeast of the war-shattered Islamic country in August.
Past events with this alert level have required a regional or national level response.
Videos of rescue efforts being carried out to save people trapped under rubble and images of fallen debris in buildings were shared on the social media platform X. One video showed rescuers pulling what appeared to be dead bodies from rubble.
Reuters could not immediately verify the footage and the images.
with AP
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